WINOL - Features final week

Features aren't going to end this semester on a positive. Justina and I decided to cancel WINOL Life this week due to lack of packages and our guest not responding to our invitiation to come in for the show.

In preparation for Maria Milano coming in, 3 fashion packages were going to be produced and our last WINOL Life was going to be a fashion special. M.M was unable to make it but I was still planning on maintaining the fashion theme for the show as long as we could get a relevant guest in.

Zoe, Becky and Cara were due to create fashion packages however these have all either fallen through or have not been produced at all. Zoe may be able to complete hers within the next week, but due to personal circumstances this was unable to meet the deadline.

The guest we were hoping to come in was an Editor so we were going to generalise the show to follow the same format as the previous three episodes instead of a fashion special, however we only had two packages to include in the show, Buddy's restaurant review and the latest WINOL Games Review Show. Another idea was to include both these packages and have a summary of all the past packages from this semester, however they've all been shown in the previous episodes so this wouldn't have brought anything new to the show. If we'd have had the fashion packages and a music piece we would have had a good show to produce - without these however the show would have dropped in quality, leading us to decide to cancel the last WINOL Life.

This week, What's On and WINOL Games - Christmas special are due to be produced and possibly Zoe's fashion piece is due to be completed.

Features have done very well this semester however in the last week motivation has decreased causing the amount of packages, regularly being produced, to drop.

30th Nov Union Strikes Coverage

In preparation for Winchester News Online's all-day live coverage of the Union Strikes on the 30th November 2011, Claire and I produced and edited three new sequences which are to be used throughout the day. We created a new opening sequence:

A 5 second opening sequence:

And a 1 minute countdown: (To be used after ad-breaks or if we have technical issues)

INUK Conference 25-26th November 2011

Guest speakers – Keith Hyatt and Michael O’Brien:

Rachel Manning was murdered in December 2000. Rachel was the girlfriend of Barri White – friend of Keith. On the 9^th December 2000, Barri and Rachel had been to a nightclub, but had both gone home separately – Barri having gone to Keith’s. After being unable to get hold of Rachel, Barri assumed she had gone straight home. Three days later Rachel’s body was discovered.

Both Keith and Barri were arrested on suspicion of murder – leading to Barri being convicted of the murder of Rachel Manning and Keith being found guilty of disposing Rachel’s body and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment.

Due to the interest BBC’s Rough Justice had in the case, new forensic evidence was produced and resulting in both their convictions being overturned. Keith served 5 years in prison – in which time his business collapsed, his house was burgled meaning he lost all person possessions and he had nothing left on his release.

Even after this time, he is still yet to receive compensation from the government on the grounds that he could have been guilty of the crime. He is now a broken man who has very little in his life, but it is due to the determination and help from his parents – who he now cares for, full-time – that his innocence was proved.

The second guest speaker, Michael O’Brien, was part of the Cardiff Newsagent Three. Mike’s speech was very different to Keith’s due to the differing personalities. Mike was a typical ‘lad’, very cheeky and did used to get into mischief, but it was a totally different story when he was arrested on suspiscion of murder.
Mike and two others were convicted of the murder and robbery of Philip Saunders. It was due to his co-accused Darren Hall being a pathological liar which, led to him making a confession for the crimes they did not commit. During the years Mike was imprisoned he began learning areas of law with the aim of proving serious breaches of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 by the South Wales Police, and by doing so was able to take action against them. They won their appeal and were released and were given the biggest pay-out in British legal history - £1.1 million due to their civil action against the South Wales Police. Hearing from both Keith and Mike puts it all into perspective and gives you an insight into what they went through and how they’ve coped.

The Legal Barriers to Overturning an Alleged Wrongful Conviction:

Dr Michael Naughton - founder of the Innocence Project - discussed the routes to take to overturn a wrongful conviction.
Cases can go through the Court of Appeal, Supreme Court and the CCRC – Criminal Cases Review Commission. The CCRC refers cases, which have already been through the appeal system and have not succeeded.

The CCRC was established because public had little confidence in the appeal system. Michael Naughton said the CCRC is not concerned with innocence, it is concerned with technical errors within legal proceedings.

S23 Criminal Appeal Act 1968 explains that there is a need for fresh evidence. If something has never been used in the previous legal proceedings, it should be allowed to be used within the appeal case as ‘fresh evidence’.

A case that was explained in detail was the Neil Hurley case:

http://www.innocent.org.uk/cases/hurley.html

Innocence projects attempt to determine whether claims of innocence are truthful or not and cannot be confined to the existing rules of the CCRC and the criminal appeals system because they can fail the innocent. This means our work – as innocence projects – is as much about trying to change the law as it is about trying to overturn cases through law.

Mark George – QC:

"If you can’t find a document in 30 seconds you might as well not have it."

This session was guidance on organising and using documents in the most productive ways.

- Sort the file.

– Index the file.

– Flag up important documents.

– Keep records of all work.

– Correspondence file.

It was advised that we all familiarise ourselves with the appeal [s] so we are aware of what have been ruled on previously giving us better grounds to look for fresh evidence.

HOLMES – Home Office Large Major Enquiry System – was explained in detail giving us more of an insight into what official documents created within HOLMES should include.

Six-Step Approach in Investigating a Claim of Innocence:

- Ensuring retention of evidence and case papers

- Understanding how and why the jury convicted the defendant

- Going beyond the trial document

- Investigating the evidence that led to conviction

- Proving innocence through DNA

- Making an application to the CCRC

Undertaking Fieldwork Investigations: Dr. Eamonn O’Neil – Investigative Journalist

The CCRC carry out desk-top reviews – it is highly advised that innocence projects go to the scene of the crime because:

- It puts paperwork into action,

- Forces the in-the-field comparison,

- Shed lights on recorded events,

- Creates new location leads at/near locus,

- And forces us to re-interpret the case.

Why should IPs visit crime scenes?

- Check evidence gathering,

- Make sense of material,

- Create fresh and relative narrative,

- Understand forensic processes that occurred,

- Track down fresh leads,

- Compare paper to the locus.

Features - W/O 21st Nov

This week, features due to be produced were:

- Games Review - Lifestyle special
- Restaurant Review - Buddy's Diner
- Music - Interview with Alex Eaden-Smith - Marketing Manager

These were the packages all due to be featured in WINOL Life.

The Games Review - Lifestyle Special - was not suitable to be broadcast. It was advised by myself and Chris to get an expert to at least gain some knowledge of the lifestyle of gamers, rather than just assumptions. The package did not make sense, it was a review of the latest game release Skyrim, tied in with the lifestyle of gamers, i.e. not eating healthily while playing games.
Having started the feature with searching the internet, nothing came of it, instead both Graham and Ewan began drinking raw eggs, raw brocoli and fruit, while reviewing the game. It wasn't stated where they were advised to eat these foods if anywhere, and although amusing, it wasn't clear. There was no summary or conclusion so it was not clear what they got/learnt from eating those foods while gaming, or what they didn't achieve if there was a goal, it was more a mock up of healthy eating, but not based on anything they'd read/been advised.
Due to the lack of angle and unclear presentation, I've asked if this can be re-edited with a clear angle. Good idea, but wasn't clear enough in the production. We could not use this in WINOL Life, we used their most recent Games Review Show.

The Restaurant Review - Buddy's Diner - This was Becky and Zoe's second review in which they followed a similar format to that of the Giraffe review. This one followed more of the review criteria so creating the balance of postives and negatives, forming a clear view of the restaurant.
When editing though, their sound failed and their voices were echoed. We couldn't use this in WINOL Life either due to the techical issues, so we used Giraffe Restaurant to introduce the first of the reviews, stating that this one will be available soon. To overcome the technical issues, I have advised that they record voiceovers for the whole piece in a similar way that they did in their first review.

Music Interview - Alex Eaden-Smith -
David's music interview was with the marketing manager for Coldplay, Tinie Tempah and others. This is very strong for WINOL, such a big name. The whole interview is 6 minutes, Dave re-versioned this for WINOL Life to 1 minute. We were able to show the guest editor this which was relevant to her field as Entertainments Editor to which she was able to discuss interviews techniques and names.

WINOL Life:
This weeks WINOL Life was the best show so far, in my opinion. It was very strong, and it makes such a difference not having a rehearsal with the guest in the studio as it creates a stronger 'chat-show' feel to it, rather than it being very scripted. The presenters, Hannah and George, did very well, ensuring they didn't stick to the script word for word and asking follow-on questions to the guest.

Our guest this week was Lorelei Reddin - Entertainments Editor from the Daily Echo.
Lorelei was very good on the show, giving us constructive critiscism good advise.

30th Nov - All day Strikes Coverage

Next Wednesday 30th November, WINOL is broadcasting live coverage on the strikes which are to be carried out due to changes to public sector pension schemes. Unite, Unison, NUT - National Union of Teachers are a few of those who will be striking.

In preparation for this day, we have cancelled WINOL this week, giving the reporters time to prepare their packages etc.

On the Day:
- 4 presenters - Hannah, Jake, Cara and Aimee
- Live OBs - London, Southampton, Winchester and Basingstoke

- In studio guests
- Team of production - in studio, producing the all day coverage

Within our latest meeting it was advised that we have a standard format for the show and to produce it in 15 minutes slots. By doing this we will all begin to understand the format and in times of stress this will be one less aspect to worry about. Every 15 minutes we will be showing adverts due to the equipments we use to broadcasting live.

Throughout the programme will we have presenters each alternating every hour or so, giving constant updates about the day; packages pre-recorded and edited to play throughout; live OBs from the 4 areas, using skype; and in-studio guests. We are aiming to be on air from 12-6pm (later if anything continues).

I will be in the studio all day on the Wednesday, helping to produce the show. As discussed n preparation for the show, Claire and I will be creating a new opening sequence, which will be played on the hour every hour; a shorter version of the opening sequence to be played after the adverts; and a 60 second countdown which can be used in the events of technical issues so the audience know the programme will be broadcast again in 60 seconds.

Aspects of this may still change.

Features - Comment Column

Diary of a Winchester Lady is our very strong aspect of our written content on WINOL. Poppy Murray is the columnist for this, and has provided all the content for this comment column. Once the column was up and running and articles were being produced on a regular basis, I thought it would be a lot better to have all these columns on one page of the site. This is not only better layout for the website, but also our audience will see all the articles written for this column. Through this, Poppy will begin to build her own audience who know to come to the site for her content. This will also be enforced now that we have a cartoon image of her specifically for the site. I was able to get this through a contact from Winchester Fashion Week. This was produced free of charge, on the basis that we accredit them.

Poppy’s articles are very strong and all have a clear angle. Each week she emails me her draft copies of articles and I give her feedback on ways to improve each piece. Poppy has fully understood the key aspects of a column piece and has been demonstrating that through her written pieces.

This week Poppy has written an article entitled: ‘Would you Rather’. This piece explores the values and viewpoints of young people and what they would rather do given two choices. She ends with bulletin points of advice from her own point of view, as a young person, which are amusing and will appeal to our audience. The only issue I had with the piece was a spelling error of Baz Luhrmann, singer of ‘Wear Sunscreen’. If this hadn’t of been noticed this would have been a fatal error, and just goes to prove the importance of editing, and checking your facts.

Coming up Poppy is to continue with her comment column as well as producing two fashion articles. One will take on the research of transgender modelling, and the other the explore current trends within the UK and looking into the views of International students on these trends. This is all in preparation for Maria Milano coming in, and will also give Poppy an area to cover, which she hasn’t looked into yet.

This weekend, also, Poppy attended the Ideal Home Show Christmas Exhibition, of which she has taken the angle of hypothetically having £1000 to spend to make-over her student room.

Poppy has produced a lot of content for the site so far, and it is all of good quality. The only thing I would like is for Poppy to produce 2/3 articles a week, increasing content with her article and general articles for features also.

Features

Above is a plan for the next 4 weeks so you all know exactly what is coming up.
We only have a couple of weeks left for features this semester. Features are to continue running alongside 30th Nov.

Coming up we will have:

- Games Review - Ewan
- Restaurant Review - Zoe and Becky
- Behind the Scenes of WINOL - Cara & Jake
- Men's fashion - Cara
- Fashion (TBC) - Becky
- Fashion (TBC) - Zoe
- Restaurant Review & Christmas Fair - Angle TBC - Becky and Zoe
- Diary of a Winchester Lady, aiming to produce at least 2 each week - Poppy
- Fashion written piece - Poppy

What's On is not being produced this week, having discussed with Cara the lack of events this week, she will focus on the Behind the Scenes of WINOL and her men's fashion package.

This week I made the decision to postpone WINOL Life to this week due to lack of packages produced. I was not willing to produce a show with features already shown, so this Tuesday we are due to film WINOL Life with the features Editor from the Daily Echo.

Tuesday 29th Nov, we are due to have Maria Milano - Editor of InStyle website - coming in and featuring on the show. This show is going to be a fashion special, to which Becky, Zoe and Cara are all producing video fashion features, and Poppy is doing a written article for the site also.

Tuesday 6th December will be the last deadline for features this semester, so you all need to work towards this date for your last packages.

On Monday we will discuss everything for the next few weeks, and discuss all angles for all features due to be produced.

Freedom of Information Act 2000 - Media Law

The Freedom on Information Act 2000 allows citizens to request public authorities to disclose information, which would not otherwise be published. This Act is very useful to journalists, as it gives them the power to uncover information about the way in which we are governed and communicate this information to the public. In some cases, that public authority won’t hold the information being requested, or the request exceeds the maximum cost limits for free information.

‘Information’ is defined under the Act as ‘information recorded in any form’. Once information has been requested, the public authority has 20 days to respond to the request either giving the information requested or stating why they are unable to obtain it.

The information should be disclosed free of charge, unless obtaining the information costs most than £600 – national government departments – or £450 – local councils and others.

A current example which we broadcast on WINOL was Julie's FOI story uncovering the truth about the number of local police officers to have had convictions themselves.

Under the Act, a public authority is known as:

- National government departments and ministries,
- House of Commons and House of Lords,

- The Armed forces

- The National Health Service

- Universities, schools and colleges.

The UK’s security and intelligence agencies – MI5, MI6 and GCHQ are exempt from the Act, meaning they are not required to respond to FOI requests. The Courts and Tribunals are also exempt.

These are a few examples, which, under the Act are not considered public authorities:

- Housing Associations

- Charities

- Private Prisons

- Members of Parliament.

There are a number of factors all to do with the public interest, and which all should encourage public authorities to disclose information:

• Furthering the understanding and participation in the public debate of issues of the day.
  
  – Promoting accountability and transparency in the spending of public money.
  
  – Promoting accountability and transparency by the public authorities for decisions taken by them.
  
  – Allowing individuals and companies to understand decisions made by public authorities affecting their lives.
  
  – Bring to light information affecting public health and safety.

In some situations, the public authority may withhold the information requested on the grounds of public interest. This is known as Qualified Exemptions. If withholding information has a greater public interest than releasing it to the public then the public authority can withhold the information.

Sources in relation to journalists are very important. Journalists have a moral obligation to protect confidential sources and information. This was stated in the Press Compaints Commission - Code of Practice.

Features

After six weeks of this semester, I am very pleased with the progress features has made. We have at least six regular features giving us constant new and updates features, which is exactly how a publication should be run. Having a regular Tuesday deadline means that we always have new features on the site ready for when the weekly bulletin and news stories are on the site. This is essential for a publication, because, if someone visits the site, in which the content has not been updated then it is very unlikely that they will return.

We are now in the middle of creating a number of restaurant reviews as well as game reviews. To my knowledge we have never had continual reviews before so this is a bringing WINOL to a new level within features especially as we have two different reviews each relating to separate aspects of our audience.

Having a regular comment piece is also a very strong aspect of our features page. Although I would prefer ‘A Diary of a Winchester Lady’ to have it’s own page with all of Poppy’s articles on it. This would be much more effective as we have a cartoon image of her specifically because the comment pieces are all produced by Poppy under the same title. It makes sense from a production point of view to have all of these articles on one page, as it is more direct for our audience when they visit the website.

WINOL Life is really starting to become a valuable asset to WINOL features. Not only does it gives us another production, but it also allows to invite outside guests who are specific to features, in to be on the show. This is a very good opportunity for all the feature writers to gain feedback as well as making WINOL more popular to editors in the area. We have two more episodes of WINOL Life to produce before the end of this semester. For our final episode, we have Maria Milano, Editor of InStyle website, coming in again who will appear on the show. For this show I would like to make it a fashion special due to the background of our guest. It will be very good for the feature writers to stem out and produce a different type of feature than the ones, which are regularly being produced.

In previous years, features have taken a while to ‘take-off’ this year however, the feature writers were all aware of the deadlines they had to meet and have all been very dedicated to producing content each week. Although we do have regular features each week such as, restaurant and games reviews, What’s On and our comment column, this does not mean that features are boring. It means our audience will be aware of the content we produce and will be inclined to visit the website again to see any continual features – such as the reviews.

Media Law - Confidentiality & Privacy

People have the right to keep secrets, so long as the secret is not against the public interest. People also have the right to pass on these secrets to others with the expectation that they will not pass them on to others.

Doctors and lawyers are main examples of people who are under obligation to keep information private. This information will regard to their patients or clients, and has no right to be passed on to any third party.

If information is disclosed to a journalist from a third party, or a journalist comes into possession of confidential information, they may find themselves under a legal duty to respect the confidence of that matter.

A person who passes on information to a journalist may have received it confidentially. If the person who the confidence belongs to, discovers that information has been disclosed about them before a paper has been published or a programme has been broadcast, then that person can get a temporary injunction prohibiting publication of the confidential material.

Breach of Confidence:

A person is in breach of confidence if they pass on information which;

- Has the necessary quality of confidence – important information and

• Was provided in ‘circumstances imposing an obligation’ (Reasonable person would know to keep the matter secret); and
• There was no permission to pass on the information; and

It must be very damaging to the person of whom the information was released.

All 4 elements of this test must be proven.

Privacy:

Article 8 of the Human Right Acts states:

‘Everyone has the right to respect his/her private and family life, his home and his correspondence.’

There is an expectation that the general public is entitled to know about the private lives of celebrities/people in the public eye. Many people view sport people as role models, and therefore should behave in an appropriate way towards their fans etc. Just because someone is in the public eye does not mean, private information about them should be disclosed. Some matters are in the public interest, in which case it is viewed that the public should know about the current matter.

Just because someone has the ability to take a photograph on their camera, does not mean they have the right to disclose it in publications, allowing a large number of other people to view it as well. You need permission from that person to publish that image/information.

Consent is vital in journalism.

If there is no consent and no valuable public interest then do not publish the story.

Public Interest:

This is generally the welfare of the public. If something has been kept secret about someone in the public eye, and this matter will affect the way in which the public view or act towards this person then it can be said that the matter is in the public interest. If something will prevent the public from being misled by an action or statement of an individual or organisation, then the matter is in the public interest.

WINOL Life - 1st Nov

The second episode of WINOL Life was of a much better quality. We all had a clear idea of all the aspects of the show, and our treatment of the guest was much better also. We had time to speak to her, off cameras, and show her the packages in the newsroom without the stress of watching them for the first time and everyone watching her.

Including headline clips enhances the show considerably, giving an insight as to what is coming up.

Our guest was Elizabeth Barnett - Editor of Hampshire Life Magazine. Elizabeth was very helpful and gave very valuable advice. Even though her background is predominantly written, she made a clear effort to give feedback and criticism on our video features.
One point she suggested was that it may have been better for Zoe and Becky to have localised their Yoga Show feature to Winchester - coming from a local magazine she feels it is very important to keep your audience close in mind. I hadn't suggested this to them as I had it in mind that they were going to feature in the package, trying yoga themselves. This would have improved the feature as it is always much more interesting to watch presenters trying an event, rather than hearing about the event. If this was the case then localising it would not have been a key issue, as the focus would have been on both Becky and Zoe, and the angle of the piece would have been along the lines of, yoga for beginners e.g.
In the original plan for this week's WINOL Life, was to include the Giraffe restaurant review package. This had to be taken out due to problems noticed by Chris. I hadn't made these points key issues because I know that both Becky and Zoe are preparing to produce more restaurant reviews therefore it would not have seemed as though that restaurant was being advertised by them, as they would have been reviewing more than one restaurant. We have taken this down from the site now, and I have advised Becky and Zoe to re-edit this piece to include a voice over which includes prices and if any, criticisms - as this is what a review is meant to include. Once this has been re-edited and I have seen that it has all the key elements of a review, we will wait until we have at least two restaurant reviews and then publish both on the site at the same time.

Having over 1,000 views for WINOL Life for the first episode, we are aiming to achieve this every week.
Sportsweek bring in their own audience, however we are bringing in a different audience again, giving WINOL a much broader gender audience than we have had in previous years. In order to achieve this number on a fornightly basis, we all need to be posting the site on relevant Facebook pages, Twitter and relevant YouTube channels. This is a the only way to bring in our audience, they will not just fall in our laps.
With regard to reversioning, please all continue to reversion as I have been advising since week 1. This is a key skill for each of you, as well as giving the News Editor packages to use as backups. It is very good to have a tease of your package on the end of the bulletin. This should be an aim of everyone's.

Features are doing very well. In just 6 weeks we have a good selection of content on the site, offering a range of topics/categories, which brings in a wider audience than just one gender for example. Having a weekly deadline on a Tuesday I think is working very effectively and will continue to do so in the upcoming weeks.

WINOL Blog - Week 5

The quality of the bulletin is never consistent from week to week. This week it was said that the pictures within the packages are not captivating enough. This is a must. A way to improve is to simply watch BBC and ITV news bulletins. While watching note down each shot as this will bring in an understanding of all the things which can be included in a package.
A major issue is checking your facts. Once an interview has taken place, the interviewee's name and job title must be obtained and verified. By doing this no mistakes will be made, such as giving someone the wrong job title.

George was director this week - he did a really good job. He was confident in what he was instructing and had a good understanding of the gallery. One issue within production was the VT machine. This is an issue which cannot be helped but in this situation in future, the bulletin must continue. An apology for the technical issue is essential but from that, continue reading from the autocue and if possible play the next package. Technical issues are difficult to avoid.

Well done to Justina and Aimee who presented this week. I thought they both did really well.

This week our guest editor was unable to make it. Next week we have Sam Baker - Editor of Red Magazine. She will in from around 12pm, after which she will be introduced to each of the departments. This is a great opportunity for features and the magazine to show Sam content from the magazine and video features produced so far this semester. If you have produced video features then it will be good to reversion them to a shorter more improved version (if possible) to show her, and this way you can explain how you have got to the finished product, then asking her for feedback and advice.
It is highly recommended that we all meet the guest editors as this is a very good way to increase our contacts from within the industry and can do nothing but help us all for the future.
Have a look at this page for brief information on Sam Baker:

http://www.redonline.co.uk/red-women/red-editors/sam-baker.

Law - Copyright

Copyright laws are established within the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Copyright is a branch of intellectual property law which protects the products of people’s skill, creativity, labour or time. The laws on copyright allow the creators of literary, dramatic, musical, artistic works, sound recordings, broadcasts and films the rights to control the ways in which their material may be used. This law covers any of these creations being broadcast, performed, copied, adapted, issued and rented to the public. When someone has created something, it is likely that they will have the right to be identified as the author and to establish any alterations or distortions to their work. For any work to be protected by the laws of copyright that product must pass the test of originality.

Having the right of copyright is automatic, and happens once an individual or a company creates a work. Works should be original and should show a degree of labour, skill or judgement.
An idea of something would not be protected by copyright, but once that book has been written, the content of that will be protected. Once something has been created using a number of aspects such as the use of colours or phrases then the laws of copyright will protect that product. However just the colour or phrase used will not be protected.

The owner of any work created can vary on the situation. In most situations, the owner is the author of the work, and this person is known as the ‘first owner of copyright’ under the 1988 Act. When a work has been produced under the employment of a company, then the owner will be the company who that person works for.

Reproduction of a substantial part of a copyright work may constitute infringement. When a work is protected by the laws of copyright, it is an offence to; copy the work, rent or issue copies to the public, broadcast the work to the public or adapt the work without the consent of the owner.

With regards to news stories, there is no copyright in facts and information. Copyright does exist however in the form of which the information is expressed by the writer and the selection and arrangement of the material because all of these aspects involve skill and labour. The defence of Fair Dealing can be used when reporting current stories, as this allows using some quotes from another paper, providing the use is accompanied by sufficient acknowledgement of the work and its author. This requirement is only necessary when it is being provided to the public.
Fair dealing is a defence, which comes under copyright law. The defence sets out ways in which actions may be carried out so that they are not regarded as infringement of the work. The defence allows the use of quotations or excerpts where a piece of work has been made available to the public. This is only on the grounds that:
- The use is acceptable under the terms of fair dealing,
- The material used is justified and no more than is necessary is included,
- That the source of the used material is mentioned, along with the name of the author.

The use of fair dealing prevents any infringement. You can use fair dealing for any of the following:

• Private research,
• Criticism or review,
• Incidental inclusion,
• Reporting current events.

Features - W/O 25th Oct 2011

Features has improved vastly this week. The quality of the video features is much better.

• Zoe and Becky have produced their first restaurant review. We had been in contact to Stuart who works for a PR company and he agreed to give us free drinks for a competition winner if WINOL reviewed Giraffe restaurant - Basingstoke. Becky and Zoe arranged to attend the restaurant, which led to them having their meal for free and very good service from the staff. The finished package was of good quality. Even though they had a lot of footage on their tapes, they edited the shots to about 1'30". The images were a lot quicker and sharper, which captivates the audience, making them stay for the duration of the package. Through editing they were unsure whether to keep their 'summary' clip. But after reading their written article and this having all the detail from their experience at the restaurant, the summary was necessary in the video also. We would not have been able to class the package as a review if the summary clip was not included.
  Having reviewed one restaurant, this needs to be an ongoing feature for WINOL. We have decided to continue this as possibly a two weekly feature allowing both Becky and Zoe to produce other features during this semester too.
  This week they are heading to London to attend The Yoga Show. They are in the process of deciding an angle of which to produce the feature. This needs to be deciding before the event so that all interviews are carried out in the right angle.
  
  
  
  
• Ewan has produced his first Games Review, filmed in the studio using the green screen. This was presented by Ewan and Graham, but produced predominantly by Ewan. This was based around the recent release of the Batman: 'Arkham City' game. This featured a small clip of this game as well as other game reviews. The clips were used under Fair Dealing. This game review is a very good example of the use of Fair Dealing.
  Ewan is planning on carrying out more game reviews, but like this one, he is going to base it on a new release, featuring other games.
  

• Poppy has produced a number of written features for her column: 'A Diary of a Winchester Lady' . I have now asked someone to create a cartoon of Poppy for this column. Using a cartoon rather than a standard picture will ensure Poppy is kept 'mysterious'. This image should be completed by Friday this week.
  Poppy produced a comment piece about her experience on visiting a medium. Her account of this is very good. It provides a first hand account of the reading as well as her opinions towards it all.
  Her latest article was entitled 'A Bad Choice'. This was based on what she had overheard recently. The first draft of this was good, however the end paragraph was more on the lines of advice, and as a comment column this is not the role of the piece. I advised her to alter the ending to make it more punchy and about what she thought as the column is based on what Poppy thinks - or what the Lady of Winchester thinks. The piece is now much better. www.winol.co.uk - 'The Diary of a Winchester Lady'.

• What's On had to be re-edited this week after not having an editorially strong structure to the piece. I hadn't set a deadline for this so Cara and Jake had more time than they gave themselves to edit the footage, but it was completed very quickly which sabotaged the quality. After meeting with Chris and Brian, a clear structure was established. I asked this to be re-edited for Wednesday as well as producing a tease clip to feature on the end of the bulletin. Due to technical complications this deadline has been extended for another day and did not feature on the bulletin, however will be plugged in time for Halloween.
  It has been decided that from now on, Cara is to present What's On and to arrange interviews etc with celebrities, and Jake is to produce the show, including filming and editing.

Now that features have taken off, we must set aims before the end of this semester.

• It would be very good to have at least 4 episodes of WINOL Life published.
  We need to keep on track with our dates. Next WINOL Life to be filmed this Tuesday 1st November.
• We must all plug every feature in order to increase our hits on the website.
  This can be done easily through Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.
  E.g. for 'Girls of War' I searched for 'girl gaming' pages on Facebook and posted the link to the video to them. I did the same for 'Cooking in Comfort'. We all need to be doing this!
• Branch out from Winchester. This is the plan for Poppy who is going to The Ideal Home Show - Christmas Special and for Zoe and Becky who are attending the Yoga Show and the Luxury Travel Show, all in London. This will give you all better experience as well as a wider range of features produced for the site and for you.
  

Media Law - Defences

There are a few defences available to journalists – of which a couple will need to rely on another defence in order to be effective.

The defence of Fair Comment protects published opinion. However, if a media organisation is using this as their defence, it will need to be prepared to rely on another defence. This could be justification, qualified privilege or absolute privilege.

The requirements of this defence are as follows:

• The published comment must be the honestly held opinion of the person making it.
• The comment should be recognisable as opinion.
• The comment must be based on provably true facts/privilege matter.
• The subject commented on must be a matter of public interest.

The defence of justification will be effective if the words complained of were true. This defence can be misleading because there is no requirement that the words were published justly or with good reason.

Malice is being dishonest or improper but knowingly. You must have motive to be dishonest, this is therefore known as malice. Proof of malice can be used by a claimant in a libel action to deprive the defendant of the defences, fair comment or qualified privilege.

Privilege is being exempt from the law. Absolute privilege is available to judges in court. They are able to state their opinion regardless of how offensive it is, within the courtroom, and the defence is available to them. Qualified privilege is available as a defence to journalists where it is considered important that facts should be freely known in the public interest. Journalists are allowed to publish statements from within court – as long as they are published immediately – without the risk of being sued.

An example of both absolute and qualified privilege occurred in a recent case with Amanda Knox. During the trial it was stated that Amanda Knox was a ‘she-devil’. Absolute privilege was apparent here due to the statement being delivered by someone in the judiciary. Qualified privilege was available to those journalists who printed this within their report.

This can be seen in the Guardian’s report on this story.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/dec/04/two-faces-of-amanda-knox

Absolute privilege will never be available to journalists. However if a report is free from error and it is published immediately then the qualified privilege offers a similar degree of protection.

Another defence, which is crucial to cases of defamation or libel is the Reynold's Defence.

This is a ten point test which protects a publication of defamatory material provided that it was a matter of public interest and that it was the product of ‘responsible journalism’.

Lord Nicholls established the 10 points:

1. Seriousness of the allegation – if the consequences are bad, the allegation is bad.
2. The nature of the information – is it in the public interest?
3. Source of the information – the source needs to be 100% reliable.
4. What were the steps taken to verify the information?
5. What is the status of the information?
6. Urgency of the matter.
7. Whether comment was sought by the claimant.
8. Whether the report contains the claimant’s side of the story.
9. The tone of the article.
10. The circumstances of the publication.

If a journalist has all of these 10 points as well as the public interest the defence of qualified privilege will be granted for them.

Features

Features are officially on our site now, time to plug everything. We need to increase our views for all features.

'The Diary of a Winchester Lady' - People at the Pool - www.winol.co.uk

'Girls of War' - The investigation of girls playing video games.

'Lost in Luxury' - www.winol.co.uk

For every feature you make you need to post the link to your article or video on relevant Facebook pages, and YouTube channels. For example, for our fashion pieces last year, Claire and I posted the link to all our videos on all fashion pages on Facebook and all fashion YouTube channels e.g. NetAPorter/Elle.TV.

Also send all your content to your friends and family, they will want to watch it, as effectively you are on TV - that's exciting. For written pieces, you are being published, get people to read your articles!

Features are always harder to plug as they will always have a specialised audience so you need to find that audience and encourage them to watch your features. Like Zoe and Becky's cooking feature you will need to find recipe/cookery pages everywhere. Why create the feature if you do not want people to watch it?

Plugging will take time but you will benefit as people will begin to know who you are and look for your content.

As for next week, our deadline is 2pm Tuesday. There will be no excuses for missed deadlines.

You have Thursday, Friday, Monday and Tuesday to film and edit. Make use of this time. The only way you can produce a good quality feature is by taking the time to film and edit it.

Planning is essential.

WINOL Life - Episode 1

WINOL Life is going to follow a similar format to the show produced last year, which featured Laura Barton. We are going to invite guests in to watch our features, giving them a chance to give us feedback and constructive criticism.

We filmed our first WINOL Life today. The production of the show was good. Our first guest for this year was Sally Churchward, feature writer from the Daily Echo. Our attitude towards guests needs to be improved in future weeks. We need to learn not to be afraid of the guests, they were at our stage once too. And it’s all about contacts. We should all be feeling able to approach any of the guest editors and speak to them/show them any packages and get their feedback. Today I couldn’t help but feel the awkward atmosphere towards Sally and how she was very unsure of what was going on.

In future I think it is essential for the person who booked the guest editor to be the one to stay with them and make sure they are aware of everything they are involved in. For example, as Justina had invited Sally in, she should have been with her for longer to begin with. We were rushed as Sports Week needed to be filmed, however it felt as though the guest was placed in front of the camera straight away without a warm welcome.

Organisation is essential for WINOL Life. As Justina is producer of the show, she needs to step back and assign roles to all other members of the WINOL Life team. This will ensure that the guests feel more comfortable with the situation and everything is explained to them. All other members of the team need to make sure they are free every other Tuesday and need to be aware of the role they are to perform for the show. The quality of the show will enhance vastly if these elements are improved.

Very good start to the series of WINOL Life, well done to all the team. We have more guests booked for the next few episodes – the more guests we have the more constructive criticism we will receive which is crucial.

WINOL Blog 18th Oct 2011

The features team have made significant progress during the last couple of weeks. The features page on the site www.winol.co.uk – is still in the process of being updated as new content is being produced.

Unlike the dummy week, the new features are to be published on the website. One decision I have made and I would like the feature writers to stick to is avoiding the term ‘students’ at all costs. I want to avoid this term due to the negative stereotype it holds, as well as not being relevant to our target audience 18-24 year olds. A group of our audience will have already been to university and therefore any features made with students in mind will be irrelevant to them meaning they will not take the time to read/watch the feature.


Ewan’s idea was to create a feature based on girl/females playing video games and whether this was popular or true to the stereotype. To begin with this was not planned properly, as his aim was to get vox pops from people within the university. With features, the writers have a week to produce content, therefore there is plenty of time to arrange interviews with experts within the field of the feature in order to enhance the quality of the feature. The deadline was extended for another two days based on this. The produced feature was ok, I feel a few resolved technical issues and more time spent planning could have really enhanced this video. As said by our guest Sally Churchward – Senior feature writer for the Southern Daily Echo – the interviews needed to be chosen better as the girls interviewed weren’t keen gamers so contradicts the questions/issued raised. The use of footage of video games was a very good example of Fair Dealing. This is where publications can use footage from others without their permission, as long as only a couple of seconds are used. This is only permitted when the footage is used to describe something in more detail, not to enhance any piece. Ewan used Fair Dealing correctly, as the footage wasn’t to necessarily enhance the piece it was to display to the audience the games mentioned. The interviewees were talking over the footage also so it was only the image that was used as an addition.

Poppy is doing very well. Poppy is due to write a weekly comment piece called ‘The Diary of a Winchester Lady’. The first piece she has written was based on a trip to the local swimming pool. Poppy is a strong writer and her comment pieces are of good quality. To enhance these further we are looking to create a caricature of Poppy to regularly appear on the site which, will connect to the audience she will begin to attract.
I am in contact with someone currently who will hopefully like to help create a caricature of Poppy for free on the grounds that they will be accredited.
Poppy has now written a piece based on Mediums. This was originally thought of through the exposure of Psychic Sally being a possible fake. Her first idea was to write about this, however there would have been no balance in the view of Psychic Sally, so the angle had to be re-thought. It was then decided that she would interview a medium and write her comment piece based on her findings. This has turned out really well. She was able to talk about her experiences with the Medium and what was found and discussed – very good comment piece.

Zoe and Becky have created a feature about making ‘posh’ meals, affordable for young people. They found three recipes online - starter, main and dessert – to which they planned to gather the ingredients and cook the meals themselves, showing that people don’t necessarily have to go out for a meal to eat nice food.
They had trouble with the filming to begin with. Two cameras were set up for filming the cooking, however the camera used for PTCs did not pick up any sound. I advised them to start again as this is a good feature and could be a strong piece.
When editing their new footage, the length was around 15 minutes. This needed to be shortened, as a standard feature is around 3 minutes maximum – anything longer than this needs to be packed with content. Their editing was good, however their shots needed to be cut a considerable amount shorter in order to make it that much better. Having short shots means the viewers do not get bored as there is always something happening.
Sally Churchward also said that the standard ‘drop-off’ time for viewers is after 30 seconds, so the first 30 seconds need to be packed with content, which is interesting and captivating. This is something they both need to work on in the future.

Dave has created a short video of the Ventner Fringe Festival – Isle of Wright – for the music aspect of features. This is a ‘fly on the wall’ piece of about 10 minutes. I had asked if he can re-version this to a shorter version of around 1-2 minutes for WINOL Life. This piece was an appealing piece, everything was interesting to watch as it was all about people – this is key to video – people like to watch other people.

This week our guest editor for the news bulletin was Rachel Canter – News Reporter for BBC South. Our bulletin was strong this week, very organised and packages were much improved.

Rachel’s feedback was very positive. She said she was impressed with our teamwork – there was a clear and calm atmosphere in the gallery by the director and the presenters were both very calm. She explained how important it is that we are re-versioning all of our packages for website and radio, due to cutbacks in the industry currently, because they are looking for people who can do everything.

Media Law - Defamation and Libel

Defamation is something that can be caused by journalists through words used to describe a person, company or organisation. Defamatory statements are known to do any one of the following:

• Expose the person to hatred, ridicule or contempt;
• Cause the person to be shunned or avoided;
• Lower the person in the estimation of right-thinking members of society generally; or
• Disparage the person in his/business, trade, office, or profession.

From a journalist’s point of view, if what you write or broadcast about someone, a company or an organisation lowers them in the estimation of right-thinking people then you have defamed someone and they are within their rights to sue you.

Reputation is precious, especially if you are in the public eye, have money or both.

An inference is a statement with a secondary meaning which can be understood by someone without special knowledge, who ‘reads between the lines in the light of his general knowledge and experience of worldly affairs’.

Within defamation cases, the burden of proof lies with the claimant. The claimant has to prove:

• The publication is defamatory;
• It may be reasonably understood to refer to him/her, i.e. identification;
• It has been published to a third person.

The claimant does not have to prove that the statement is false; if a statement is defamatory, it is assumed that the statement is false. If the statement is true and the journalist can prove that it is true, there is a defence.

Identification:

The claimant needs to prove that the published matter identifies him/her as the person defamed.

The test in defamation law of whether the published matter identified the person suing is whether it would reasonably lead people acquainted with him/her to believe that they were the person referred to.

Publication:

The claimant must also prove that the statement has been published. The matter must have been communicated to a third person in order for there to be publication.

Defences:

The main defences to do with Defamation are;

• Justification
• Fair Comment
• Absolute Privilege
• Qualified Privilege

Justification:

In defamation law, the burden of proof is not on the claimant to prove that the statement is true, it is the responsibility of the defendant to prove the truth of the statement. ‘The matter must be proved true ‘on the balance of probabilities’.’

Fair Comment:

The defence of fair comment protects published opinions. The requirements are:

• The published comment must be the honestly held opinion of the person making it;
• The comment should be recognisable as opinion;
• The comment must be based on provably true facts/privileged matter;
• Those facts/that matter must be recognisably alluded to or stated in what is published with the comment, unless so widely known that this is not necessary;
• The subject commented on must be a matter of public interest.

All these requirements must be met in order for the defence to succeed.

Privilege occurs when the public interest demands that there is complete freedom of speech without any risks of proceedings for defamation, even if the statements are defamatory or untrue.

Absolute Privilege is a complete answer and bar to any action for defamation.

Qualified Privilege is available as a defence where it is considered important that the facts should be freely known in the public interest.

No defences are available:

• When you have not checked your facts;
• When you have not ‘referred up;
• When you have not put yourself in the shoes of the person or company you write about;
• Got carried away by an intriguing story; or
• Have not bothered to wait for a lawyer’s opinion.

Media Law - Crime Reporting

• Standard of Proof in Criminal Law:
  Within UK law, someone being convicted of a crime is innocent until proven guilty. Unless the defendant has admitted guilt, it is the prosecution’s responsibility to prove, beyond reasonable doubt, that the defendant is guilty.
• The Risk of Libel in Media Identification of Crime Suspects:
• A media organisation can be successfully sued by a defendant if they publish the name of someone who has been arrested – or is under arrest – if the investigation then does lead to a criminal prosecution.
  If a media organisation does publish that someone has been arrested and is under investigation – even if this is factually correct – this is defamatory because there is inference that the person may be guilty. The media organisation may be unable to defend any inference made, against any subsequent libel case, if it is misleading in any way. If a name of a person under investigation is published by a governmental agency – the police or local council e.g. – a media organisation can safely publish the name without the fear of defamation. They can publish this safely using the defence or qualified privilege.
• Qualified Privilege:
• Qualified privilege is a defence available where it is considered important that the facts should be freely known in the public interest. The basic requirements of the qualified privilege defence are;
  - that the published report is fair and accurate, and published without malice, and
  – the matter published must be a matter of public concern, the publication of which is for the public benefit.
• In some circumstances, publications may decide to risk the chance of being sued in order to be the first to publish news about a celebrity if they are a suspect in an investigation, for example.
• The ACPO Guidelines:
• The ACPO guidelines state that you cannot name someone under investigation prior to any charge, however details including age and location may be released.
• Magistrates:
• Magistrates are also known as ‘justices of the peace’ – JPs. Most are lay magistrates, meaning they are part-time and volunteer. "They embody the British Constitutional tradition that those who decide verdicts are, in most instances, not professional judges but are drawn directly from local communities."
  When lay magistrates try a case, there must be at least two present. Magistrates will have a legal advisor at hand for instances in which they are unsure of aspects of the law.
• Magistrates’ Sentencing Powers:
• Within summary trials, if a defendant is convicted, the magistrates can punish the defendant by:
  - Sentencing them for a jail term of up to six months for a single offence,
  - Imposing a fine with the actual amount depending on statute for that offence and any discretion the court has. If the defendant fails to pay a fine imposed, a jail term can be imposed as an alternative.
  Either-Way Offences:
One triable either summarily at Magistrates court of before a jury at Crown Court. In an either-way case, a defendant who has indicated a plea of not guilty has the right to opt for a jury trial at Crown Court. But if they choose to be tried by the Magistrates court it may be overruled by a decision that the Crown Court should deal with it.
Indictable-Only Offences:
A charge, which may be tried by a jury at Crown Court, which therefore is an either-way offence or an indictable-only offence.
Contempt of Court 1981:
The greatest risk of the media committing contempt of court is by the publication of material which might prejudice a fair trial by influencing jurors to think badly of a defendant.
Contempt of court occurs if material is published which creates a substantial risk of serious prejudice or impediment to particular legal proceedings, which are ‘active’.
A case is active from the time:
- A person is arrested,
- An arrest warrant is issued,
- A summons is issued, or
– A person has been charged orally.
A case is no longer active when:
- The arrested person is released without being charged – except when released on police bail,
– No arrest was made within 12 months of the issue of an arrest warrant,
- The case discontinued,
- The defendant is acquitted or sentenced,
- The defendant is found to be unfit to be tried, or unfit to plead, or the courts orders the charge to lie on file.

Defence for Contempt of Court:
In the event of a publication being unaware that a case is active, there is a defence available.
– The defence applies if the person responsible for the publication, having taken all reasonable care, did not know and had no reason to suspect when the matter was published, that relevant proceedings were active.
The burden of proof in this instance is on the person being accused on contempt.

WINOL - Features Dummy Week

WINOL - Winchester News Online - has begun broadcasting again for another year. After the news team had a dummy run last week, this week was the first official week for the news team.

For this semester I am Features Editor of WINOL. This role includes;

• Setting deadlines and targets for the feature writers,
• Keeping an up-to-date log of all ongoing projects and tasks - making this available to all members of the team, the editor and managing editor -
• Ensuring deadlines are met,
• Establishing suitable deadlines with the Chief sub-editor enabling content to be edited and uploaded to the site before the Wednesday bulletin,
• Attending editorial meetings to pass on all relevant information, and
• Answering to the editor.

Within the features team we have:

• Cara & Jake - What's On presenters and producers


• David - Music - (What's On)


• Justina and Domonique - WINOL Life Producers


• Zoe - Feature writer


• Becky - Feature writer


• Poppy - Feature writer
• Ewan - Feature writer

Last week was the features dummy week in order to give the feature writers a chance to practice using the cameras, editing and planning the feature as a whole ensuring the angle of the piece was the main focus. I have made the decision not to put any content of the features page of www.winol.co.uk due to lack of content so far. I would like to launch the features page having a few video and written pieces at good quality. The deadline for features each week is Tuesday at 2pm. This has been decided because the feature writers will have a full week to plan and produce their features, and this gives time for the cheif sub-editor and the sub-editors to edit the written articles and embed the videos on the site in time for the Wednesday bulletin going up - therefore giving us a fresh site each week on all pages, because the chance of people coming back if they notice the features content is the same as the previous week is very unlikely.

What's On has made a good start, interviewing Rebecca Vaughan, star of I, Elizabeth and including an interview with football legend Matt Le Tissier. This is presented by Cara and Jake with a 'One Show' feel to it. This will be a weekly show presented by both.

The first episode for the Music side of What's On will be ready for next week. This will be based on the Ventnor Fringe Festival - Isle of Wright. The following episode will be produced for the following week - which will be based on The Shoots.

Zoe and Becky produced their first feature well. Autumn Trends 2011 was a strong piece, filmed in Winchester High Street, included a PTC and interviewed a number of people. During editing they included text on screen, music and voice overs. For their first piece it was very good. When filming the microphone lead was in shot, however this was not noticed until the footage was being edited. We would be unable to put this on the site due to this, so it is something to be sure of in the future. Another way to improve this piece would be to include the interviewee's faces to make the interviews more personal.

Ewan created a piece based on Fresher's life. The aim was to find out how first year students cope with living on their own for the first time in their lives. This piece was good, again, for his first piece. PTC, general views and interviews were included in the package. Ways to make this piece stronger is to ensure sound levels are loud enough when filming (use headphones), film more general views to use within the package (you can never have enough), and to edit the footage to be quick and to make sense. When editing, watch it with the view of the audience, if you are bored, they will be too - shots need to be quick.

Poppy will predominately be producing written features. She will be writing a weekly comment piece in the style of Dorothy Parker - who was known for her opinions and wit. Poppy will be writing a weekly comment piece as well as another general feature each week too. Her first piece was 'This is Jinsy'. Based on a sitcom in a similar style of The Mighty Boosh. The piece was strong and is relevant to our audience - 18-24 year-olds - as they are likely to watch The Mighty Boosh and any similar television shows.
Having Poppy submit at least 2 articles per week, this will ensure we have content regularly being updated on the features page.

We are due to produce our first episode of WINOL Life on the 18th October. This first episode will be a chance to show a guest editor current features packages and listen to their feedback. We are in preparation of organising a guest editor. The first episode will be a chance for everyone to understand the format of the show, then in future weeks we are thinking of having themed shows. Again, this is still all being planned by the producers of WINOL Life (Justina and Domonique) and myself.

Amanda Knox - Freed

Today, Amanda Knox has been acquitted of the murder of Meredith Kercher. After being in prison for four years, Amanda Knox and her boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito, are now freed from prison in Perugia, Italy.

Previous to this, it was believed that, Meredith Kercher was murdered after a sex-game gone wrong, while she was in Italy studying for a semester. The murder weapon, a knife, was tested for DNA and found to have Amanda's DNA on the handle and Meredith's DNA on the blade.

After being convicted of murder, and being sentenced to 26 years imprisonment, Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito appealed their convictions.

Following this case from the beginning, I was under the impression that both Knox and Sollecito had been involved in murdering Meredith. I was then very suprised to learn that the case had been granted an appeal.

Having tested their joint flat for evidence, Amanda Knox was believed to have been in the flat at the time of the murder. The evidence found was the DNA on the murder weapon and a footprint matching Amanda Knox's. However in the appeal, Knox claimed she was not in the flat at that time. This is what I find hard to accept.

Rudy Guede's conviction of the murder of Meredith Kercher has been upheld, however reduced to 16 years. If his conviction has been lowered, surely that means there was more than one person involved in the murder, otherwise he would be the sole killer. However the two accused have now been freed.

It was stated that if this verdict did occur then the prosecution would be appealing (for the final time) against Amanda Knox with the aim of a life sentence. If this is what is likely to happen then the prosecution must have a lot of evidence to present against Amanda Knox.

So who has killed Meredith?

Meredith Kercher is the victim, and I cannot help but feel for her family who have now not only had this tragedy brought back into their lives, but now have no answers or conclusions.

Amanda Knox, although returning to Seattle, will be returning to Perugia in November for another trial of slander based on her accusations of police behaviour.

Media Law - Lecture 1

Introduction to the UK legal system:

Court Hierarchy

The UK exercises a free press. This is having the freedom to express and communicate to the public without state intervention. The preservation of this freedom, which the press has, may come from constitutional or legal protections.
The UK does not have a written constitution, which allows the citizens of the UK to do what the law does not prohibit. The European Convention on Human Rights – ECHR – was put in place to protect human rights and fundamental freedom in Europe.
One aspect of the law, which can sometimes be unclear, is the issue of Public Interest. If public interest is argued and justified to be crucial to the publishing of information, this usually means that, the information’s value to society is regarded as high.

The Human Rights Act 1998 was introduced alongside the ECHR.

Article 2 of the Act states:

1) Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law.
2) Deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of this Article when it results from the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary:
a) in defence of any person from unlawful violence;
b) in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained;
c) in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection.

Article 8: Right to respect for private and family life.

1) Everyone has the right to respect his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. 2) There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the prevention of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.

Article 10: Freedom of expression.
1) Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers.
This article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.
2) The exercises of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received n confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary.

There are restrictions on information, which can and cannot be published to the public. The laws include Privacy, Breach of Confidence, Libel and Defamation. These will be explored in more detail every week after each Law lecture.

ITN Productions - Work Experience

I am currently at ITN Productions, London, for work experience for two weeks. Day one, Monday 5th September 2011, I arrived at Chancery Lane very early – due to travel arrangements – but I did not have to be at ITN until 11am.

For the three hours, I sat in a café looking at every person that walked in to see if they fit the physical criteria of a journalist. To say the least, this was not the best way to calm my nerves - especially as the only criteria that I was thinking of was suit, paper, coffee, laptop etc. After the three hours I can assure you, that near enough every person commuting to work in London, fits this criteria…good.

As expected I had to wait for someone from ITN Productions (as there are ITV News, and Channel 4 News which operate from Grays Inn Road too) to come and collect me. I was introduced to another girl, Louise, who is also on work experience, but had been for the previous 3 weeks and is there for the duration of my time there too. I was shown the basics of the office, the main aspects I need to know, and was then asked to transcribe a television series, Mad Men. This and a web page saving task, filled my first day right up to 6pm.

On the following day I spent the most of the day continuing with the transcribing. Maybe not the most exhilarating task, but I was glad to have work to do. The transcription needed to be completed by the end of Tuesday as the presenters for the show Mad Men, Jonny Vaughan and Steve Brooker, were recording voice overs on the Wednesday.


Today I met Amanda, series producer, at Envy, Margaret Street, London. This is where the voice overs were being recorded. I was there for the majority of today, and was able to watch the voice overs for three episodes being recorded. Meeting Jonny Vaughan and Steve Brooker, was an experience, and one I will not forget in a hurry.

WINOL - 25-05-2011

Our last bulletin for this year went very well. Throughout the day there were a few set backs, such as the 'drop box' which we had discovered. Up to now, on the day of the bulletin we have been using an external hard drive to collect all the headline clips and the news packages before the bulletin. We were then informed that in the Newsroom, on all the MACs, there is a folder called the 'drop box' in which we can put all the packages in and they will be available on the MAC in the gallery. On first trial, this worked fine and the packages worked fine on the VT program too, however last week when we attempted this, the 'drop box' seemed to have been deleted. The technicians had tried to help us, but the one who introduced this was on holiday therefore we have to wait until he's back until we can be taught how to use it properly. This is something we will be enforcing when we return in September.

The sports presenter was changed last minute today by the editor due to a comment on Facebook. The editor stated that presenting is a privilege and you have to earn it. I think this was a good decision made because people need to work hard in order to deserve to work on the so called 'good' jobs/roles.

The script is something we have always had an issue with because everyone has different styles of writing. Because the presenters alternate it is difficult to establish a consistent style because no one person is improving their writing every week, and each week so many people contribute to the links. This is a positive aspect for the headlines to establish relevant puns, however the script needs to be written by one person every week in order to determine a house style.

On the lead up to the bulletin we were all very stressed and feeling the pressure and I feel this was because we all wanted our last week to be a success. I cannot help but think that this determination should be enforced every week and not just on the last week. We should be putting this effort in every week.

Our guest editor this week was our external examiner for the course, who spent the day meeting everyone on WINOL and finding out exactly what the course consists of. Within the debrief he explained that he'd seen a number of student news stations like WINOL but none had been as strong as ours. He was very impressed with our team work and commitment to which he said we have "great editorial ideas".

Winchester Fashion Week

I would like to stress just how important it is that you attend Winchester Fashion Week during the 25th - 31st July 2011.

Winchester is an amazing place for fashion week to take place, and the week is packed with events, shows and special guests so you will not regret it - I promise!

Winchester Fashion Week is a student lead project - many of which have taken a year out of their studies to organise this huge event.

For more information go to: http://www.winchesterfashionweek.com/

Winchester Fashion Week TV has now launched - hosted by myself and Claire Lomas, we will be bringing you updates and features on the lead up to fashion week.

WINOL Debrief - 11-05-2011

This was a big week for the production team as our guest editor was Geoff Hill – Executive Producer for CNN UK. Every guest editor is important to every aspect to WINOL however, this guest was an executive producer so would have been looking closely on how our production team works. As well as this guest we found out today that the BJTC examiners were coming in to observe the bulletin also, so a lot of pressure was put on the production team.

A major problem today was one package which was not completed on time and therefore held up rehearsals before the live bulletin. I did not agree with the amount of extra time the reporter had because the rest of the news team all had deadlines which were met, however this one was not. Due to the amount of observers in the gallery this week during the live broadcast, we needed everything to be prepared in advanced so any technical glitches could have been dealt with also in advanced. Once the package had been handed in, a legal error was noticed, as the interviewee did not want to be identified, however they were early on in the package through a side-on view. This then had to be re-edited, but was exported in the wrong format. During the bulletin this VT did not work to which meant we moved straight onto the next story. I cannot help but feel that if this package was done on time then we all could have checked this properly and the bulletin would have been clean. However, due to the lack of time before the bulletin was due to go live, the director wanted to practise the OOVs and the sports hand over so therefore it was not checked. A way in which to prevent this from happening in the future is to set a time where all packages have to be completed and if they are not then they do not get included within the bulletin.

Within the debrief, Geoff Hill stated he was very impressed with the standard of our bulletin. He said there was a good mix of news and that we should be pleased with what we produced. He explained that our headlines were very poor and were not merely enticing enough. As we had an interview with Alan Titchmarsh, the headline should have been a pun about Ground Force. The captions on the headlines were too ‘wordy’ and should be kept to two or three words only, and that we should write to the pictures. He said we handled the breaking news story very well, and it was very good that we managed to find an image to use in that short space of time also. Geoff suggested ways in which to improve the news stories, such as to get our own interview with Alan Titchmarsh, or to interview one of the 16,000 users on Facebook who paid tribute to a girl who was murdered. He also stated that now we have the facilities, there is no excuse not to have a live aspect within every bulletin.

The feedback from Geoff Hill has been very useful and can only work towards improving the standards of WINOL, both in news and production.

WINOL Debrief - 04-05-2011

This week’s bulletin was difficult to produce due to the number of OOVs and the Skype interview as the ‘And finally’ package. We now have an American Correspondent Meredith Muller who discussed the atmosphere in America following the death of Osama Bin Laden, and their reaction to the Royal Wedding. This may not seem relevant to our audience of Winchester and Southampton, but I feel it was placed well within the bulletin so to not regard it as the leading story because it was not localised. However it did give our audience a small aspect into the two major international stories of that week.

As this was our first time producing WINOL since being back after Easter break, it was clear that we were all still finding our feet still, so next week hopefully we will be more confident with our capabilities ready for our guest editor Geoff Hill – Executive News Editor of CNN UK.

HCJ Seminar Paper - Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus - Ludwig Wittgenstein

• Modernism of the 20th Century is a major part of the Historical Context. Modernism was motivated by a dissatisfaction with older, linear forms of thinking, and an eagerness to find new, subversive ways of representing. Following this, interest in form rather that content became more apparent as people were focussed on how things were put together instead of what they were put together in order to say.


• The Tractatus can only be fully understood when looked at with the philosophy of Frege and Russell.


• Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) is credited as the founder of analytic philosophy. Frege set out to show that the truths of mathematics could all be derived from logic.


• Traditional logic would have analysed a sentence such as, ‘all horses are mammals’ by making the ‘horses’ the subject and the ‘mammals’ the predicate. Frege however, analysed the sentence into the horse being the object and the mammals being the concept. Therefore making all horses mammals.


• Frege argued that the meaning of sentences has everything to do with that person’s logical structure rather than what goes on in their mind.


• Both Frege and Russell state that there should be a hierarchy system for the laws of logic whereas Wittgenstein explains that everything should be given all at once so everything is known. They also speak about logic, however Wittgenstein states that logic should never be spoken about.
  
  In the introduction by Bertrand Russell, he says that the Tractatus Logico-philosophicus may not prove all the matters it deals with but it should be considered an important event in the philosophical world.
  The Tractatus deals with how traditional philosophy and traditional solutions arise out of ignorance of the principles of symbolism and the misuse of language.
  “In order to understand Mr. Wittgenstein’s book, it is necessary to realise what is the problem with which he is concerned.”
  In the part of his theory, which deals with symbolism, he is concerned with the conditions, which would have been fulfilled by a logical perfect language. The problem which belongs to psychology is where the things which occur in our minds when we use language with the intention of meaning it. The problem that belongs to epistemology is what the relation subsisting between words, thoughts or sentences, and that which they refer to or mean. There is a problem of using sentences to convey truth rather than falsehood. What relation must one fact (Sentence) have to another in order to be capable of being a symbol for that other?
  Wittgenstein is concerned with the conditions for accurate symbolism. I.e. symbolism in which a sentence ‘means’ something quite definite. In practise, language we use is always quite vague, so that what we assert is never quite precise.
  
  "The world is all that is the case" - 1
  Wittgenstein describes this as the world. There is no need to go into details of what the world consists of, as individual aspects are unimportant. Wittgenstein is more concerned with the facts that make the world. Facts are referred to as States of Affairs which are the most simple of things and which do not affect any other states of affairs in any way, therefore are only relevant in relation to itself. Every state of affair together results in the world. States of affairs are made up of objects so without the objects there would be no state of affair or ‘fact’. Although states of affairs do not effect any other states of affairs, they can only exist if there are objects which fall within the context of that fact, therefore nothing can exists solely on its own it can only exist in accordance to something else. This can all be referred to as the study of ontology. Ontology is where the nature of representation and the thoughts and language which represent, are similar with the nature of reality. It is all based on the thoughts of existence and reality.
  
  "What is the case, a fact, is the existence of atomic facts." - 2
  Wittgenstein states that an atomic fact is a combination of objects – (entities, things). Without the world atoms would not exist but the world is made up of atoms so without atoms the world would not exist. “The totality of existence atomic facts is the world.” – 2.04
  From the study of atoms we have been made aware of the facts behind them. These facts are stored in ‘logical space’ which is where they ultimately exist. The objects that exist in logical space do not have to pass the verification test or the falsification test the idea behind them must simply be possible in some way.
  “In logic, nothing is accidental” 2.012 - This suggests that objects which exist in logical space must pass the verification test and the falsification test because ‘ the possibility of that atomic fact must already be prejudged in the thing’.
  “The substance of the world can only determine a form and not any material properties. For these are first presented by the propositions – first formed by the configuration of the objects.” – 2.0231 Propositions are ideas presented as a picture of the fact it represents. Therefore a material property cannot be determined until it has been proposed and understood. “The picture presents the facts in logical space, the existence and non-existence of atomic facts.” 2.11 “The picture is a model of reality.” 2.12
  “The picture represents its object from without, therefore the picture represents its object rightly or falsely.” 2.173
  
  "The logical picture of the facts is the thought." - 3
  There are a number of things in the world, which either can or cannot be explained. The aspects, which cannot be explained at all through language, need an image or a picture to aid understanding. This picture needs to be logical and this picture will have to come from thought. If we are unsure of something and it has not been proven, it cannot be fact. The logical picture and the hope that it will become fact is held together by the power of thought. If something begins as a thought it has the capability to become fact, as we are able to create a logical picture to explain it. Something which could be easily explained is maths 2+2=4, whereas the colours of the rainbow would be difficult to explain through language as there is limited way to describe colours. “To present in language anything which ‘contradicts logic’ is as impossible as in geometry to present by it’s co-ordinates a figure which contradicts the laws of space; or to give the co-ordinates of a point which does not exist.” – 3.032 Our thoughts however will enable us to be able to create a logical picture and make this proposition into a fact – “What is thinkable is also possible” – 3.02.
  After writing the Tractatus, Wittgenstein was against logic, stating that it had no meaning and was simply a language game. To some extent I agree with him here as I see logic as a concept which in itself cannot be proven. However I understand logic and see many positive effects that come from it so in this view I do not agree with Wittgenstein. “We cannot think anything unlogical, for otherwise we should have to think unlogically.” – 3.03
  Something which is viewed as unlogical is seen almost as a crime. In order for anything to be possible it has to be logical, therefore anything unlogical is not worth anything.
  
  “Definitions are rules for the translation of one language into another. Every correct symbolism must be translatable into every other according to such rules. It is this which all have in common.” - 3.343
  Language is very important in relation to objects. In order to know what an object is you need to be able to describe it and you can only do this through the power use of language. Definitions have to be understood by everyone therefore suitable language has to be selected and applied and must be able to translate clearly into other languages. The definition therefore has to be logical.
  
  "The thought is the significant proposition." - 4
  “The totality of propositions is the language.” – 4.001 Language is very complex and even day-to-day speech can become difficult to comprehend as there can be many meanings to words. Speech becomes adjusted through generations and over time the Queen’s English has had ‘slang’ and more colloquial terms added to the vocabulary. The more the language changes the harder it is to understand. “What can be shown cannot be said” – 7.1212. This to me does not make sense because surely what can be depicted through pictures can explained through language and the picture enables the proposition to be translated into language.
  Philosophy is very difficult to understand due to the language choices, and it is said that theories or questions set out in philosophy are unable to be answered; it has to be clear that the theories do not make sense. “We cannot, therefore, answer questions of this kind at all, but only state their senselessness.” – 4.003 Wittgenstein also states that “The object of philosophy is the logical clarification of thought – philosophy is not a theory but an activity.” 4.112
  
  “The proposition is the picture of reality.” – 4.01
  Reality is what we see and live in, it is everything that we understand. Propositions are where thoughts create a picture of something it represents. Propositions are complicated therefore putting thoughts into a picture of reality, means it has to be clear, concise and logical. “A proposition is the description of a fact.” – 4.023 After looking at the proposition, the verification and falsification tests would seem to me irrelevant as we assume fact is therefore true and enough for us to trust. However “Propositions can be true or false only by being pictures of reality.” 4.06. They are only depictions of fact, so nothing is proven either way as to whether or not we can trust them. When determining the truth of a proposition we have to know what the conditions with which we know something is absolutely fact. The example Wittgenstein gives is the black spot on a white piece of paper. To know that something is black or white we have to know the conditions by which white is white and black is black. We must be able to determine the sense of the proposition by our conditions of knowledge on colour. A proposition without sense is nothing at all, it has to present a picture of reality which also has logic.
  
  “It is essential to propositions that they can communicate a new sense to us.” – 4.027 As they are a description of a fact, that fact needs to be something new to us so that the proposition has a purpose. The proposition needs to be linked with a State of affair, and have a connection with that in order to create a logical depiction of a fact. “In the proposition there must be exactly as many things distinguishable as there are in the states of affairs which it represents.” – 4.04. There has to be a clear connection with between the states of affairs and the proposition and they have to be very similar in order to create that logical picture.
  “The sense of a proposition is its agreement and disagreement with possibilities of existence and non-existence of an atomic fact.”- 4.21. The proposition has to agree with the existence of atomic facts in order for it to have sense. The sense of a proposition does not have to be determined though because the sense of that proposition becomes apparent through sharing the logical form with the reality it is said to be representing.
  
  "Propositions are truth-functions of elementary propositions." - 5
  In the same way as states of affairs have no effect and no connection with any other states of affairs, elementary propositions have no effect on each other either. “In no way can an inference be made from the existence from one state of affairs to another entirely different from it.” – 5.135. Also all elementary propositions are the description of the world. “The world is all that is the case.” Wittgenstein lays out what he calls ‘truth grounds’ which set out all the possibilities of elementary truth—functions. If truth ground are common to more than one truth-function, Wittgenstein states that the truth of that one proposition follows from the truth of many propositions, so the truth cannot come from just one truth-function if there are more than one sharing the same truth-grounds.
  Propositions which have no truth –arguments in common with another are known as independent propositions.
  All elementary proposition has to be either true or false, combining more than one elementary combination creates a number of probabilities. If a proposition is true with nothing creating any arguments against it, it is known as tautology, meaning it is always valid and it’s truth is unconditional. If a proposition is known to be false then it is referred to as a contradiction. Combining two propositions is called an operation. “The truth-functions of elementary propositions are results of operations which have the elementary-propositions as bases.” – 5.234 Wittgenstein says the operation does not characterise a form but only the difference between forms.
  Only one operation can be performed per two propositions, as the same relationship cannot be established twice. If this were to happen there would be two outcomes, which were identical and you cannot have two of the same propositions, they are all independent.
  “If there are logical primitive signs, a correct logic must make clear their position relative to one another and justify their existence. The construction of logic out of its primitive sign must become clear.” 5.45. Existence is a key component to anything, and for anything to exist, it’s existence has to be justified and everything about that sign, proposition or state of affairs must be shown and everyone has to be made aware of it. If logic does have any primitive ideas, they must be independent of one another. Independence is also another key aspect of existence.
  “Logic must take care of itself.” – 5.473. Logic is a powerful concept and does not need guidance, as it is how the world works and gives us means for understanding. Logic knows exactly what will work and what is possible for each situation.
  “The limits of my language means the limits of my world.” – 5.6. Language is a main aspect in anyone’s world therefore the amount of language someone is able to understand establishes the limits within their world. Language cannot be established without logical pictures and logical pictures would not be established without states of affairs, which together makes up the world.
  
  "The general form of a truth-function is [p, E, N,(E)]. This is the general form of a proposition." - 6 (Every proposition is created from a set of elementary propositions.)
  “The propositions of logical are tautologies.” – 6.1. This is to say that all propositions of logic are true unconditionally and nothing will ever alter that or try to disprove it. “The fact that the propositions of logic are tautologies shows the formal – logical – properties of language of the world.” – 6.12. Language cannot be disproved as it is logical and it is a means by which we can communicate other than though depictions of propositions.
  “All propositions of logic are of equal rank; there are not some, which are essentially primitive and others deduced from these.
  Every tautology itself shows that it is a tautology.” 6.127. So to disagree with Frege and Russell, there is no heirachy where propositions of logic are concerned, everything is equal.
  “Mathematics is a method of logic.” – 6.234. Mathematics is a method of logic because it is a tautology. Maths is true, 2+2=4 is fact and it is logical.
  “The world is independent of my will.” – 6.373. We all live independently, it is logic that determines the way in which we live however our we as individuals are able to make our own decisions and logic will never be able to force us to act in a way we do not wish to. Logic may be the sensible option but our own free will enables us to act against it.
  “Death is not an event of life. It is not lived through.” – 6.4311. The world cannot be changed by the will of the people or events, which occur, or not occur. Only the limits of the world can be changed and that is the effect death has on the world. It ‘ceases’ as Wittgenstein states. He goes on to say that having a sole that survives death is no help at all. Again, it will not alter the world.
  The right method of philosophy is to say nothing except what can be said. Anything other than this may not make sense and would alter the way in which the world works successfully.
  
  "Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent." - 7
  I took this to mean that if anyone who has not been educated with language attempts to use language in an alternative way than how it is used presently, this may result in them changing the ways in which propositions and facts have to be represented with logical pictures.